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Towing a trailer may seem straightforward—hitch it up and hit the road. But before you tow, it’s essential to understand that trailer towing laws aren’t one-size-fits-all. There are federal regulations that provide a general framework, but each state has its own specific rules that can affect everything from weight limits to required equipment.

This guide breaks down the essentials of federal and state towing laws so you can travel safely and legally, no matter where your journey takes you.

Federal Towing Regulations: The Baseline

Federal regulations mainly apply to commercial towing, but they influence several key aspects for all trailer users:

1. Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)

The GVWR includes the trailer’s weight and its maximum load capacity. If your trailer or combined tow vehicle and trailer exceeds 10,000 lbs GVWR, you may be subject to federal commercial vehicle regulations, including:

• DOT number registration (for business use)
• Maintenance of driver logs
• Safety inspections

2. Commercial Driver’s License (CDL)

A CDL may be required if the combined weight rating of the vehicle and trailer exceeds 26,000 lbs and the trailer alone has a GVWR over 10,000 lbs. This mainly applies to heavy-duty and commercial haulers. For example, if a trailer has a GVWR of 10,200 pounds and it’s being towed by a truck with a GVWR of 17,000 pounds, the combined weight rating is 27,200 pounds. Because the total exceeds 26,000 pounds, the driver is required to have a Commercial Driver’s License (CDL).

3. Lighting and Reflectors

Federal law mandates that trailers must have specific lighting, including:

• Tail lights
• Brake lights
• Turn signals
• Side markers
• Reflectors

All these are required to ensure visibility and prevent accidents, especially when traveling at night or in bad weather.

State Towing Laws: What Changes from Border to Border

Here’s where it gets more complicated. Each state may have different laws for the following:

TOW BRAKE LAWS FOR STATES AND PROVINCES

1. Trailer Brake Requirements

Some states require electric brakes on trailers over a certain weight, often starting at 1,000 to 3,000 lbs. Others may require a breakaway system—a device that activates the trailer brakes if it becomes detached.

2. Speed Limits

Towing speed limits vary. For example:

• California: Max towing speed is 55 mph.
• Texas: Follows posted speed limits unless otherwise indicated.
• Michigan: 65 mph for vehicles towing trailers.

Always check posted signage and local regulations.

3. Safety Chains

Most states require safety chains or cables to be used in case the trailer becomes disconnected from the tow vehicle.

4. Trailer Dimensions

Maximum trailer length, width, and height vary. Common limits are:

• Width: 8.5 feet (102 inches)
• Height: 13.5 to 14 feet
• Length: Often 40 feet for trailers (but may be less for certain vehicle/trailer combinations)

5. Towing in the Left Lane

Some states prohibit vehicles towing trailers from using the leftmost lane on highways except when passing.

Tips for Staying Compliant

• Check Each State’s DMV or DOT Website: Especially if you’re crossing multiple states.
• Keep Registration and Insurance Up to Date: Both the tow vehicle and the trailer need proper documentation.
• Do a Safety Check Before Every Trip: Lights, tires, brakes, and hitch security should all be inspected.

Don’t Get Caught Off Guard

Ignorance of the law isn’t a valid excuse if you’re pulled over or involved in an accident. Whether you’re towing a utility trailer, an enclosed cargo trailer, or a commercial-grade trailer, it’s critical to understand the legal requirements that apply to you.

Ready to Tow with Confidence?

At Air-tow Trailers, we build trailers that not only make loading and towing easier but also meet the highest safety standards, many exceeding regulatory requirements. 

Contact us today to learn more about our DOT-compliant models or find a dealer near you.